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So you can actually *enjoy* your vacation.
As far as bodyweight exercises go, push-ups give you a lot of bang for your buck. The staple upper-body movement not only works several muscle groups all at once, but can also help you improve your posture and joint stability.
But push-ups require a lot of upper-body strength and core stability, making them hard to do—and even harder to do correctly.
Whether you’re looking to level up your push-up form or find push-up alternatives that work the exact same muscles, we’ve got tips for perfecting your technique and go-to modifications that offer the same upper-body benefits.
Traditional push-ups “target almost every muscle in your upper body, no equipment required,” says Julia Caban, CPT, a certified personal trainer and coach at Performance360 in Oceanside, California.
But doing a push-up correctly is harder than it looks. Katelyn Raymond, PT, DPT, a physical therapist and director of movement at STAT Wellness in Atlanta, Georgia, suggests thinking about a push-up as a moving plank.
And just like when holding a plank, while doing a push-up, you need to keep your core engaged to keep your hips level and avoid strain in your lower back.
“Also avoid rounding your shoulders, which stresses the shoulder joint and can lead to injury,” Raymond says.
Here’s how to execute the perfect push-up:
A push-up is the ultimate upper-body workout. According to Caban and Raymond, push-ups work the following muscles:
But you’ll also work your core—particularly your obliques (the muscles on the sides of your torso) and transverse abdominis (the deep abdominal muscles that extend from your ribs to your pelvis)—to stabilize your body as you lower and lift in the push-up position.
Push-ups also fire up lower-body muscles like your hamstrings and glutes, which help you maintain that strong plank position as you bend and straighten your arms.
Push-ups are important because they combine trunk stability with upper-body strength and mobility, according to Raymond. In everyday life, this functional movement is similar to pushing a chair or sofa across a room or opening a door.
“Very few other movements hit such a variety of muscles without any equipment required,” Caban says.
This move also improves your joint stability, decreasing your risk of injury, whether that’s doing your sun salutations in yoga class or pulling weeds in your garden.
Spend much of your day sitting? Push-ups can help.
“Push-ups always help to open the chest area when you perform them in full range, which is great for those who have desk jobs and rounded shoulders,” Raymond says.
Modifications are a great way to build up to the traditional exercise, target the same muscles with less strain on your body, or accommodate injuries or conditions that make it difficult to execute the full push-up motion.
While push-ups don’t require special equipment and are a staple of fitness classes from HIIT to Pilates, they are hard. Like, really hard.
“Push-ups require substantial trunk and upper-body strength,” Raymond says. “And a lot of muscles need to work together to perform a traditional push-up correctly.”
Caban agrees.
“When you do a push-up, you’re pushing up your entire body weight, which is not easy,” she says.
Modifications are a great way to build up to the traditional exercise, target the same muscles with less strain on your body, or accommodate injuries or conditions that make it difficult to execute the full push-up motion.
Push-up alternatives are ideal for pregnant people, especially those in second and third trimesters who “find a prone position to taxing on the core and pelvic floor,” Caban says.
Caban also recommends push-up alternatives for people who experience wrist pain or have issues with shoulder blade stability.
All of these push-up alternatives work the same muscles—think arms, chest, upper and lower back, and core—as the traditional exercise.
“As with everything, consistency is key. So start with a push-up variation that you can do and work from there,” Raymond says.
Raymond recommends this alternative because it helps you practice the long, stable plank position needed for a traditional push-up, but it’s less strenuous on your body.
“Start as high as you need to to achieve proper form—this exercise can be done using a wall, counter, table, bench, or step,” she says.
To up the intensity, place your hands on a lower surface like a stair or aerobic step. To ease the load on your body, start on a higher surface like a wall and work on perfecting your form.
The band supports your body so you can move through a full push-up without actually having to press your entire weight up and down.
“This is one of my favorite ways to help people feel successful in a push-up,” Raymond says.
Raymond likes this variation because it strengthens all the same muscles as a push-up.
By starting in the plank position before lowering to your knees, this alternative helps you practice keeping your core engaged and shoulders in a stable position—two of the challenges of a traditional push-up.
A dumbbell bench press is just a push-up flipped to a supine position (on your back), so it works the same upper-body muscles, according to Caban.
Flip your wrists to face each other to do a narrow-grip chest press, which targets your triceps, upper chest, and anterior deltoids (front of the shoulder).
The kneeling position takes the pressure off your wrists and some load from your upper body while still strengthening your upper body and core, Caban says.
Many people struggle with traditional push-ups because it puts pressure on the wrists. Using dumbbells or small parallel bars for wrist support is a great alternative for people with wrist injuries or shoulder instability, Caban says.